Financial Management Individual Work Week 1 Coursework

Monetary Management Individual Work Week 1 - Coursework Example In this way, Repo Mens returns are required to move counter to the economy (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). The danger of 2â€stock portfolio is 3.3% while the independent danger of Altas Inds. is 18.8% and Repo men is 13.4%. This is a result of broadening of stock , which infers that a large portion of the hazard contained in the stock was one of a kind to such organizations. Portfolio impact should influence the manner in which financial specialists consider singular stock in light of the fact that the danger of individual stocks contain both market and diversifiable hazard. In a very much enhanced portfolio, there is disposal of diversifiable dangers prompting hazard decrease of the general portfolio (Hampton, 2011). (2.) If you chose to hold a 1-stock portfolio and subsequently were presented to more hazard than differentiated speculators, would you be able to hope to be made up for the entirety of your hazard; that is, might you be able to procure a hazard premium on that piece of your hazard that you could have wiped out by expanding? Answer: See Ch 02 Mini Case Show Beta is the market hazard. Beta of more than 1, for example, that of Alta has more significant yields. Repo Men has the most minimal beta, which is negative, along these lines the lower returns than T-charge that are sans hazard and has zero beta. T-bill has no hazard and in this way has a beta of zero (Hampton,

Old Girls Twitter Essay Example

Old Girls Twitter Paper To Tweet, or Not to Tweet My sixty-multi year old dad got some information about â€Å"tweeting† half a month prior. Normally, I contemplated internally, what the heck is my dad doing getting some information about twitter, he doesn’t even own a PC. I expected that he had seen a paper article about it or heard it on the news. I stood right. Twitter has become new media marvel and let’s be straightforward who doesn’t have a Twitter account nowadays? With regards to Twitter via Caroline McCarthy and Do I Really Have To Join Twitter? By Farhad Manjoo were two articles that struck me as enrapturing. By and by, I’ve never discovered twitter such engaging, but then I despite everything have a record. In any case, I am glad to report I’ve just â€Å"tweeted† twice in the previous year. When I made my record, I quickly thought twice about it. I wasn’t excessively attached to the possibility that individuals would have been â€Å"following† my tweets and they would be refreshed with pointless grievances or food decisions of the day. Farhad Manjoo appears to have comparable considerations regarding the matter. Commited Twitterers contend that the 140-character-or-less tweet speaks to the following incredible method of human communication†¦Wait a moment you need me to save a never-ending log of my exhausting life for the entirety of the world to see? † I concur. Twitter permits total aliens to follow your thoughts and include themselves in learing about your own life. We will compose a custom exposition test on Old Girls Twitter explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Old Girls Twitter explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Old Girls Twitter explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Frightening? Only a bit. Manjoo contends whether there is a point to Twitter, obviously, not one admirable sentiment was made. Manjoo’s article made a second convincing point. It is an outsider type of correspondence. Miniaturized scale blogging stirs up highlights of email, IM, websites, and informal organizations to make something novel as well as befuddling, a doing it well requires some investment and persistence. † I’ve seen my companions on their Twitter records, and they will sit before their PC for ten minutes or something like that, just to compose a three sentence explanation about their life, attempting to make themselves sound much progressively interesting to their â€Å"followers†. With all due respect, I can perceive why they wouldn’t need to sound dreary or dull, however there are surely better things they could be doing with that ten minutes of their time. At the point when I read over the article In Defense of Twitter I couldn’t help yet chuckle in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that my psyche for the most part doesn’t acknowledge Twitter, everything in the article appeared to make admirable statements, while they may appear to be contradictive to the past article. â€Å"The excellence of Twitter is that, not normal for a full-out blog, there’s no commitment to be philosophical, intriguing or syntactically solid. Since it doesn’t necessitate that sort of additional exertion, it’s extraordinary for individuals like me who need to get on board with the internet based life temporary fad however don’t have the opportunity to set up something expand on WordPress. I can comprehend this to a degree. A few people appreciate blogging when all is said in done, and since there are â€Å"apps† for Twitter, you can do it directly from your telephone. For individuals who lead a disorder ed, occupied timetable loaded up with children, occupations and extracurricular exercises, I can perceive any reason why Twitter would be a break or even diversion so far as that is concerned. McCarthy argues be that as it may, that individuals uncover delicate data that doesn’t should be communicated to the entire interpersonal interaction framework. Childrens’ names and precise areas for instance, ought not be remembered for the 140 character long tweet. I thoroughly concur with her focuses, as I would see it individual data and individual feelings besides ought to be kept outside of the blogging scene. Two or three months prior, I inadvertently, (I get it was a greater amount of me being nosey than being unplanned) discovered a Twitter page that wasn’t private, and I didn’t happen to like the client of the page such much for individual issues. Inside two minutes of perusing this nine-youngster year old young ladies Twitter, I discovered that she smoked maryjane around her multi month old child, she required a sitter to go to a gathering that night, and she had a six pack of Twisted Tea in her trunk. I’ve never really met this young lady, tragically I simply know about her from common companions. Great early introduction? I don’t think so. Individuals additionally overlook the way that numerous businesses are engaged with interpersonal interaction destinations. In the event that you’re going to put wrong tweets, you should consider modifying the security settings-only an idea. Facebook, MySpace, Live Journal, Skype, AIM, and Twitter included are not for everybody. â€Å"I’m of the feeling that no bit of internet based life programming is for everybody, and Twitter is no special case. I have companions who are so disappointed by Twitter’s absence of usefulness and continuous site shock that they’ve abandoned it out and out. † Certain individuals aren’t alright with sharing there contemplations with their dear companions, not to mention the entire domain of Twitter. I guess everything relies upon the individual, however let’s be straightforward; nobody has to realize that your new conditioner smells like apples. With everything taken into account, I think twitter is inconsequential. In any case, I comprehend why individuals appreciate the idea. I think an extraordinary, superfluous part of society is burning through their time with inconsequential social blogging, yet who am I to state it’s right or wrong. I appreciated the two articles’ qualification, and perusing different people groups sentiments and reasoning’s is a decent method to procure a superior understanding regarding why society is so fixated on the possibility of small scale blogging. There’s tweeting now, what will come straightaway?

Building Strategic And Operational Agility - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the BuildingStrategic And Operational Agility. Answer: Types of deftness are these recordings concentrating on Haier buyer hardware is the worldwide pioneer in the business. The organization assumes a significant job in the customer hardware business under the authority of Zhang Ruimin and he changed the situation of the organization. He likewise gained by the ascent of Chinese white collar class family and upgraded his activity by creating great quality items. The vital readiness experience of those pioneers was significant piece of the Haiers outward arranged techniques. Logitech confronted a comparative issue of declining the retail deals, which influenced their companys money related circumstance in a worldwide market[1]. The new CEOs key dexterity to put resources into development openings, expanding the items classification just as augmenting productivity and stripping in the non-vital items are significant piece of his vital quality. His new items classes in the advanced hardware and gaming were likewise a key and lithe move to get more clients. The most significant piece of the organization was to perceive the vital move that were fundamental for the business. The key move likewise lied in the changing the CEO and presenting new gaming division in the organization just as the main to get the operational Excellency. Burberrys spry move was significant piece of their vital improvements. The CEO of the organization started Burberrys key development. Nimble inward and outer advanced change was a key move to change with the worldwide pattern of computerized transformation[2]. The activity and flexibly chain the executives was significant piece of the CEOs methodology, which can be distinguished to be an operationally dexterous development of her part. Solidification all the distinctive piece of the computerized stage was likewise combined under his watch. Accordingly, her feeling of the moving the organization to its channel division, concentrating on the proprietorship and control and expanding to the significant leader store division profited the association. The organization was reliable in its quest for greatness and along these lines expanded its further improvement in deals of 3 billion to 5 billion income organization. Sky is an amusement organization and known to enhance communication, TV and broadband. It is innovatively best in class organization. It is likewise known for its deftness in the corporate technique to stay in the fourth situation in the worldwide market. The organization confronted massive difficulties in the market with Netflix and Amazon Prime. Nonetheless, the spilling administrations were on request Skys substance of advanced library and UI of the organization is known to be extremely premium as for different administrations in the market. That is the manner by which they separated themselves with the opposition. The organization Li Fung was additionally worldwide pioneer in the gracefully chain organization. The organization coordinations business is likewise a generally excellent for interest in the organization. The companys great re-appropriating patterns, haggling force and readiness in dynamic was additionally exceptionally successful for the organization. The organization took the difficulties presented by web based business and took deliberately spry choice like divestiture and redesign was additionally given accentuation. Legos additionally took the vital nimbleness business procedure by taking income development, operationally upgrading and made different strides in advancement through a vital improvement. The key endeavor of GSK and Maximuscle made the organization likewise find out about the significance of corporate technique of the organization. The Really Useful gathering is additionally an aggregate in the dramatic business which has taken in their exercise in authorizing their examples and anticipating change their presentation dependent on the pattern, time, innovativeness and execution. The key drivers if invigorating the vital or operational dexterity The key drivers to start the nimble dynamic were the income or the gainfulness of the organization. The determinants of the companys vital dexterous development were additionally the decrease in deals and crumbling client relationship the board. The decrease in the piece of the overall industry of the organization was additionally a checkpoint for these superior brands and adaptability in the innovative just as the modern cycle. Seeing the natural change factors were additionally extremely disturbing move that added to the nimble development in the key choice making[3]. Changing the business esteem and easing the client experience were additionally contributing component for Logitech, Burberry, Lego, Haier and Skys. The organizations additionally expected to build the offer, which had, turned into the most significant piece of the spry development. The key execution measurements helps in lightening the operational readiness, which are upheld by the solid information that the organiza tion uses[4]. Distinguishing the opposition is additionally significant part. The vast majority of the each of the a deft unit, groups, divisions and pioneers are expected to eventually execute the change influenced by that. Reference Kotter, John P.Accelerate: building key spryness for a quicker moving world. Harvard Business Review Press, 2014. Junni, Paulina, Riikka M. Sarala, Shlomo Y. Tarba, and Yaakov Weber. The job of vital deftness in acquisitions.British Journal of Management26, no. 4 (2015): 596-616. Vecchiato, Riccardo. Making an incentive through prescience: First mover points of interest and key agility.Technological Forecasting and Social Change101 (2015): 25-36. ASA Autumn 2017. 2018.Dropbox. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/a35t92bbgqbbv47/AADOH7K-OEcI75HqXuQKDXBMa?dl=0. [1] (ASA Autumn 2017 2018) [2] Kotter, John P.Accelerate: building vital nimbleness for a quicker moving world. Harvard Business Review Press, 2014. [3] Junni, Paulina, Riikka M. Sarala, Shlomo Y. Tarba, and Yaakov Weber. The job of vital nimbleness in acquisitions.British Journal of Management26, no. 4 (2015): 596-616. [4] Vecchiato, Riccardo. Making an incentive through premonition: First mover favorable circumstances and key agility.Technological Forecasting and Social Change101 (2015): 25-36.

Research On The Concept Of The Islamic Bank Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The Islamic bank is a financial institution which mediates between savers and investors within the framework of Islamic law. This definition highlights the banks role as a financial institution which aims to attract funds and investment banking services and to act as a financial intermediary within the framework of Islamic law. Islamic financial institutions are subject to the regulations and laws which cover the banking sector, as well as the rules specified in Sharia law. Therefore, we find that internal resources (capital, reserves and undistributed profits) and external resources (deposits) have their controls legitimised according to legal regulations. An example of the differences is funding, which has formulas which are different to loans. The most important formulas in funding are Murabaha and Istislna, which control and legitimise credit checks and credit control to ensure the money is paid back to the bank. Islamic banks must perform assessments to ensure all their banking services do not contravene the provisions for money in Islam. The functions of Islamic banks Despite the many views of researchers and scholars on this subject, the Islamic bank is a speculator in a speculation absolute. The bank has the right to appoint others to manage the investment funds of savers, and in this case the bank works for those who supplied them with the money (debtors) and the head of money and debtors are speculators (or the agent). The work of an Islamic bank can be described as a racquet play, legitimate speculation wins control over profit, labour and capital. Unique features of Islamic banking The obligation to apply Sharia rules Islamic banking is one of the most important parts of the Islamic economic system. The Islamic economic system by is a practical application of the religion of Islam, along with worship and morals. Islamic banks, as financial institutions, act between savers and investors to offer financial services according to Sharia rules on speculation. The main role for Islamic banks is to be a mediator. Islamic banks contribute to the economic and social development. In situations where the bank is a partner which contributes to the development, it is considered as a joint venture. However conventional banks have a limited relationship as borrowers or lenders. Participating in profits and the losses. The basis of Islamic banking which renders it successful is its application of th e legitimate profit and loss-sharing scheme. (Alghonm balghorm). The most important differences between Islamic and conventional banks Both Islamic and conventional banks can carry out financial brokering, however they have different aims and goals in doing so which distinguish them. Conventional banks only need to apply the regulations they are obligated to carry out, disregarding Sharia perspectives. However Islamic banks have to apply Sharia perspectives in order to qualify as an Islamic Bank as well as implementing their legal obligations. Conventional Banks vs. Islamic Banks Subject Conventional Bank Islamic Bank Profit The difference between the debit and the credit interest The profit from actual investment on the depositors money Main Activity Accepts deposits and grants loans Contributes directly to the financing and acts as specialized banks Direct trading Cannot be carried out Directly trades in cargo according to the formal rules of Islamic trade Deposits Accepts deposits and undertakes their response in the specific benefits in the specific quarter Accepts investment deposits on the basis of profit and loss sharing; thus there is no guarantee that the deposit will be returned and the distribution of profit will result from the project invested in. Blue Chips Issues only a specific amount of interest. Issues Sukuk the joint venture principle General reserves Deducted from net profit. Net profit is deducted only from private shareholders. Sharia Boards No Sharia boards Essential to have a Sharia board to allow new products a nd to monitor Sharia compliancy. Investment Accounts All deposits gain interest. There are two accounts, (1) general investment (Modaraba Motliq) (2) private investment (Modaraba Moqaieda) Formulas for money investment Loans are mostly commercial They are invested within the framework of Islamic partnership contracts Zakaat Fund No Zakaat fund One of the ways of forming partnerships with the community. Credit Studies Its about the business, the capital, the expected profit or securing credit. More involved with the borrower and the main interest is the repayment of the amount. Prohibitions and allowance (Halal and Harram) Main interest is profit, subject to regulation. Banks do not become partners with projects involving prohibited activities within Islam, e.g. alcohol or drugs-related projects. The establishment of Islamic banking and its progressions over the years It is claimed that local banks in Metghamer, Egypt, in 1963 establ ished Islamic banking in a practical manner; therefore, it is said that Islamic banking was practiced first, then it was encoded. In 1969, the Islamic Governance was established consisting of foreign ministers who formed two committees, one Pakistani and one Egyptian. They studied the establishment of Islamic Banks and concluded the adoption of Islamic Banking in following sessions. In 1971, the Nasser Social Bank was launched as the first bank that specified in its company principles that it would not be involved in any kind of Riba activities. In 1974, an agreement was signed establishing the Islamic Development Bank in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, it was a government bank formed in light of the study presented to the Islamic Governance conference and has been trading since 1975. 1975 saw the establishment of Dubai Islamic Bank in the UAE. The successful establishment of the first Islamic Banks, characterized by Dar el Maal El Islami, was followed by the Faisal Islamic Ban k and Dalla el Barrka foundation, which is now one of the largest Islamic Banks. Some countries, such as Pakistan, Iran and Sudan, now require all the Islamic banks to work with some of their observations. Islamic banking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia All the banks in Saudi Arabia now offer Islamic financial products The Al Rajhi Bank has offered Islamic banking since it was established in 1988 The Al Jazeara Bank transferred fully to Islamic Banking services in 2003 The central banks of Saudi Arabia encourage Islamic banking. Main problems which Islamic banks face Lack of trained staff in all sectors of the bank, such as head office and branches, in the area of Islamic banking rules and regulations. Difficulties in reconciling legal and Sharia rules, in both Mudaraba and Mosharaka, making the banks turn to Murabaha. A lack of supervision and a lack of belief in modernization. Central banks do not develop tools and methods to compete within the mark et. A lack of cooperation and coordination between Islamic banks. The application of Islamic banking in the National Commercial Bank A recent concept has been established traditional banks offer traditional Islamic banking. The banks organizational units take multiple forms; either branches specialized in providing Islamic products, or Islamic windows in branches also offering traditional products. The Central Bank sets a number of criteria and controls the work of Islamic banks and branches, of these, the most important are: 1 Forming a Sharia Supervisory Board formed of scholars of Islam and scholars of comparative law 2 Preparing a budget for the branches of each financial year, taking into account the nature of the Islamic sect. This must not be incompatible with the accounting rules followed in the preparation of the budget and accounts. Profit and loss statements and periodic reports must also be sent to the Central Bank 3 We must be faithful workers of his thought Islamic Bank Forms taken by traditional banks to offer Islamic banking According to Taatokz, banks provide Islamic banking in several forms, which can be categorized as: 1 Specialist Islamic branches. In this form the traditional bank sets up new branches or converts existing branches to offer Islamic banking products. These branches are usually branches of a Department of the traditional bank, or may be established as a special department, which was the method used by the Egyptian National Bank, which set up a second Bank of Egypt in 1979 which in turn established branches for Islamic transactions in 1979, and by the Saudi National Commercial Bank which was established in 1990. The establishment of independent branches of conventional banks is the most common method of offering Islamic services. The most credible is the form that allows checks on the validity of the banks. As can be seen with the Central Bank in Egypt, the main advantage of this format is that it can be separated and the results of operations have a separate results section on the banks statement alongside the profit and loss of the traditional business. In addition, this method is more convincing for customers than having a window in a traditional branch. The disadvantages of this method are based on the nature of the relationship between the branch and Head Office, and also that it raises questions about the separation of the private funds section which provides Islamic banking and the conventional branches. These questions will be reviewed in the next section by looking at the experiences of the Saudi National Commercial Bank. 2 Windows offering Islamic products in the branches of traditional banks. In this form the bank allocates windows in traditional branches to provide Islamic banking products in addition to those traditionally provided by the branches of banking products.  This form meets the needs of customers who wish to. This form of Islamic ba nking has been used widely in Malaysia, but it gives rise to differences of opinion. While some believe it is the beginning of a transformation in Islamic banking, others believe that this form leads to a loss of credibility, and also raises practical problems in the recruitment of funds, and due to the separate regulations, accounting policies and other policies concerning both financial and other matters. 3 Islamic finance products issued through the Department of Islamic Finance This method is used to attract a segment of customers who want to deal with the traditional banks. The traditional Islamic design, Abannom, provides some instruments compatible with Islamic finance and provides all conventional banks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 4 Islamic investment funds An Islamic investment fund is an investment pool which usually takes the form of a company and aims to make a profit for investors in accordance with Islamic law. The management of a fund may be delegated to another company or may be managed by the bank directly. The application of Islamic banking in the Saudi National Commercial Bank This section summarizes the Saudi National Commercial Banks experiences in providing Islamic banking 1 The birth of the idea The idea of providing Islamic banking services began in the application of the work of Islamic banking. In the early 1980s there was an approach made to examine the ways the Bank could provide banking services compatible with the Islamic Baattabaraha way to attract deposits, but the proposal was limited by its lack of clarity and the lack of completion of studies into the legal aspects of this work at that time. The Banks management decided to follow other applications of Islamic banking and participated in seminars and conferences on the subject. This led to the introduction and development of banking. Following this introduction, expert practitioners designed a series of contracts and versions of the documents that could be applied practically and provided a clear intellec tual vision for the application and the discipline of operations. The Bank then floated the idea of starting with one branch offering Islamic banking with each of the banks operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia participating in its capital, like its predecessors, but the idea died because it was not adopted by any of the banks. In 1987, the Bank created the first investment fund with disciplined restrictions to ensure any deals it made were legitimate. The fund traded in global commodities and invested in trade goods in accordance with the Murabaha formula for international transactions to ensure short-term quality, with the exception of trade in gold and silver coins. In 1990, the first branch specializing in products and services of Islamic banking was opened under the guidance of the General Manager of the Bank. He himself pursued the activity and showed there was a conviction. This leadership was important. It is becoming imperative to start planning for the appli cation of Islamic banking and so it is important to study the process in terms of development and the creation of appropriate internal and external environment for this process. The Saudi Banks approach to Islamic banking was to proceed in a phased manner to ensure the success of the application process. The use of a specialized consulting firm in the Islamic banking area was effective to achieving this goal. 2 Establishing a separate department of Islamic Banking In 1992, a separate department was set up within the bank to develop Islamic banking. Its functions were defined as follows: †¢ Business development in the areas of deposits, financing and investment. †¢ Marketing the Islamic Banking and attracting customers. †¢ Oversight of the management of branches that were established as Islamic branches or were converted into Islamic branches. †¢ Preparation and development of staff who understand the nature and characteristics of Islamic bankin g and control the legitimacy. †¢ Development of awareness among customers of the nature, philosophy and characteristics of Islamic banking through a variety of means, such as seminars attended by members of the DFI and Islamic scholars to answer questions from the audience. †¢ Communications and personal correspondence with customers and businesses, and the distribution of brochures concerning the activities of branches and the nature of the products. 3 The application of the principles of Islamic banking in the National Commercial Bank Alosaip principles were approved to verifying that all the processes that were submitted and implemented in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law. To achieve this in practice, training programmes were created for all employees and branches on the basics of banking business, contracts and evidence of work in order. The final step was the selection and appointment of R. Kabh in 1996 from among credible experts in Almehm w ith experience in the field of Islamic banking business. The Board examines the ways in which the administration operates Islamic banking services and develops appropriate controls and reviews all contracts. In order to legitimize the work of the Department, from time to time some operations and control steps are inserted into the implementation and administration sections, for example a monitor was created to ensure the legitimate legal rights of the application in 1999. 4 Application within the Bank It became evident that the methodology would be one of the main requirements of the change, because the Department was seeking to make comprehensive changes in the Bank, and these changes would be difficult to achieve to the required level in the short time available. For example, policies, products and staff would need to be ready, and the policy of conversion which was adopted highlighted some of the sensitivities among administrative employees, customers, departments and bran ches which have become so important. Regional differences were also studied in order to avoid inappropriate reactions. 5 Compliance with prevailing local and international laws This means the necessity of complying with all regulations in force in the Kingdom and internationally. Activities within the bank which are not inconsistent with Islamic law are conducted in cooperation with the Foundation. The Saudi establishment has established a unit for the training of Islamic Banking Institute. 6 Alignment with the various departments and branches of the Bank This principle aims to reduce the differences that might do harm to the relationships between the administration and its subsidiaries, other units of the bank and legislators. It is consistent with the philosophy of the senior management to create an atmosphere of harmony between the various units of the bank. These principles have been included in development plans in which the criteria for selection of workers sit at the center; and the number of branches is evidence of the design working. For example, some studies, such as Murabaha, have examined the evidence for the use of funding formulas in speculation, leasing and sale. This evidence has been reviewed more than once, and has adopted the forms of contracts in the Fatwa. The Shariah should also be allowed to manage its independence and its financial and administrative subsidiaries. 7 Market research to identify customer needs The National Commercial Bank conducted studies to determine the degree of customer awareness and interest in Islamic banking. This study found that 93% of all respondents intended to perform some transactions with an Islamic, with different degrees of commitment. A second study aimed to identify the market and was used to attract funding. It found the following results: a a high proportion of medium-sized enterprises had a desire to use Islamic products b large companies believe that the Isla mic financial products do not provide sufficient flexibility c 16% have a desire to use Islamic financial products immediately, with the results varying according to the region d 35% believe it is feasible they would use Islamic financial products in the next two to five years 8 Expanding the application of Islamic banking The successful achievement of the first phase of its goal to implement Islamic banking services within the National Commercial Bank has drawn attention both internally and externally, and its experience has become a model for other countries wishing to achieve economic goals that do not conflict with Islamic law, especially in Malaysia. However, the initial results since the opening of the first branch in 1990 up until 1998 did not achieve the aspirations of senior management in the bank in terms of the number of Islamic funds and the number of branches transformed. Having conducted a study into the possibility of using a strategy aimed at mob ilizing the resources and expertise available in the bank to offer Islamic banking, Alkhmat found that the innovative and imaginative vision and the experiences of the National Commercial Bank were unprecedented globally and so created a model to help measure it. To support the administration of a scheme such as this he found the following to be the most important actions: †¢ Formation of a Committee of Islamic Banking A Committee of Islamic Banking was formed, headed by the Director-General of the Bank, and its membership includes a number of members of senior management of the Bank and the Director of Islamic banking services. It is responsible for planning and overseeing the process of expansion and providing the necessary support. †¢ Scientific Forum for the expansion of Islamic banking At the end of 1998 The Department of Islamic Bankings forum included the Directors of most departments in the National Commercial Bank, as well as the Deputy Director-Gen eral, and was moderated by one of the experts. One of the objectives of this forum was the search for better methods to achieve the expansion that would meet the Banks senior managements commitment to the application of the law of God in all transactions. This forum proposed that the Department of Islamic banking should be led by a transformational leader who would contribute to helping other departments on the application of the change and ensure that sufficient knowledge and skills were available within each department because a certain percentage of staff must be converted to work Islamic banking during the agreed period of time. This approach was introduced to the Fatwa and Sharia Supervisory Board in May 1999 and it was decided that its advisory opinion to provide Islamic banking in all the departments and branches of the bank was permissible. According to Dhaobt, legitimacy was established by the DFI in this regard and provides for the following: 1 to approve N ational Bank branches currently providing traditional services to provide Islamic Banking Murabaha to customers in a manner specified in procedures established by instructions to the branches by the Department of Islamic Banking; that the contracts are issued by the competent authority within the bank, such as a unit for Islamic Credit Monitoring; and that these Algjraiat and practices are subject to legal supervision and follow-up observations to allow more competent employees to take over these actions. 2 Approval by the departments and the various branches of the bank identify annual targets as a ratio of the financial activities of Islamic banking, so that these branches and departments Ptivha through Islamic modes of finance such as Murabaha, leasing and sale of term And peace and Istisna and as a stage in a gradual conversion. 3 A Shariah Supervisory Board to monitor and follow-up all work and formulas used in Islamic finance in the National Bank, which do not fa ll within the competence of the Islamic banking management services, such as investment funds and the various formulas in the departments of finance. There will be differences between the National Bank and Murabaha contracts, between companies and individuals, and so on. 4 The Supervisory Board confirms the legitimacy the bank officials need to redouble their efforts to accelerate the transition and to prepare for it by training staff. It provides assurance that the business transformation in the bank is moving in a safe direction, so they can act in accordance with the provisions, rules and principles of Islam. 5 The terms of reference the Shariah Supervisory Board are presently limited to monitoring the management of Islamic banking, but there is a desire of officials to take over the oversight functions for all of the Bank of the Islamic Murabaha and other modes of finance, and the the Shariah Supervisory Board has requested the right to issue decisions, guidance, follow- up and opinion for all departments of the bank. †¢ Full conversion of all branches to provide Islamic banking In the Banks celebration of 50 years since its foundation the members of the Board of Directors passed a resolution to convert the remaining 135 branches to work only in accordance with Islamic banking principles and mechanisms. The determination by the Bank to make this transformation can been seen in its integration of personnel management and administrative services for Islamic banking into one department. This integration has been accompanied by administrative and structural changes contributing to the objectives of the Bank. This change was also announced a new slogan for the new bank which reflected the commitment to Islamic traditions, values and roots and the national aspirations for the future. On 29th May 2004, the Director-General of the NCB made a speech outlining the features and steps of this change and its impact on departments. The Bank accompan ied this speech with questions and answers about the size of the shift, its motives and implications, and its impact on jobs and the time frame for the application of this transformation, which was completed by the end of 2005 †¢ Methodology of converting branches to Islamic banking As Ja noted, the model for the development of Islamic banking includes a clear vision for a specific and scientific approach to lead the shift towards Islamic banking. In light of this vision, goals must be identified and, as Alastrajiat determined, the necessary resources and organizational structure must be provided. Alemrahalouaktoat claimed that the adoption of a gradual method was logical, and this was evident in the style that was followed in the conversion of branches. The most important aspects of this are: 1 Choose the sections to be converted The branches to be converted must be chosen in accordance with the plan thought out in accordance with the principles established by the Bank. The foremost aim was to ensure coverage in all areas in the Kingdom, and to provide literature on the definition of Islamic banking to these areas. For customers, it was important to make the conversion easy, whether this is linked to deposits, investments or funding, easing the process of conversion 2 Conversion team The team must contain members from different banking disciplines to ease the conversion process, this means covering aspects of banking, finance and accounting, and aspects associated with the system, processes, models, documents and contracts. 3 Preparing human resources Once the decision to convert a branch has been made, time must be set aside for training of the branch staff on the basics of Islamic banking and Ahidvp and the nature of the specialized legal controls that govern all operations. They must be provided with approaches for the self-development areas of Islamic banking. 4 Provide branches with forms, contracts, documents, and evidence of work 5 Contact with clients After a section is converted internally to the application of Islamic banking, it is time to communicate with existing customers, including sending personal letters, and making telephone calls and field visits to customers to explain the Islamic alternatives. 6 Seminars for clients, and provide them with Palmtaiwiat It was clear from the outset that, in practice, customers were in dire need to be informed about the methods and means of Islamic banking. The successful deployment of Islamic banking is not the responsibility of the Islamic bank alone, but must be done with the participation of customers. It was therefore among the objectives of the administration to raise awareness of clients, particularly businesses and dignitaries, which was achieved by holding meetings and seminars with members of the Shariah in various cities of the Kingdom 7 Preparation and development of human resources Human resources play an important role in improving the level of performance and paying attention to the selection of individuals, and developing and motivating them and evaluating their performance will help them to achieve a high degree of satisfaction which will be reflected in their performance, and this has been demonstrated through the administrations interest in Islamic banking. Human resources should: †¢ Develop controls for the selection of personnel and administration leaders †¢ Investigate the ongoing training needs of employees †¢ Define the vision, mission preparation and development of human resources †¢ Design programmes, forums and development laboratories. In order to overcome the lack of knowledge and skills among individuals both short-term and long-term plans must be created. Participation in the area of Islamic banking will be improved by 1 Participation in internal and external programmes in Islamic banking 2 Creation of reward and punishment schem es according to performance criteria for concrete results 3 Fostering a culture of continuous improvement through self-development 4 Innovation and offering new ideas for financial and Islamic investment products. †¢ Set priorities for the development process In order to achieve effective achievement in the development of human resources, initial requirements were identified as being leadership and management skills for branch managers and customer service for cashiers †¢ Curriculum development and self-development Abstract 1 The experience of National Commercial Bank provides a case study for the transition phase for the development of Islamic banking. 2 As well as looking at the experiences of the National Commercial Bank, the essay examines the philosophy of separate Islamic branches and Islamic windows in some branches of other conventional banks, because it seeks to examine the beginning of the expansion and development on an ongoing basis without limits. 3 The National Commercial Bank manages the practice of Islamic banking and has achieved good financial results which have attracted the attention of bankers and specialists both locally and internationally, who want to follow up their achievements and to study it as a case of a banking system implementing Islamic finance rules. 4 Since the National Commercial Bank implemented Islamic banking, all the banks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have followed its lead.

100 Persuasive Speech Topics for Students

There is a small but important difference between planning a persuasive speech and writing a persuasive essay. First, if you are planning a persuasive speech, you should think about a topic that can engage your audience. For this reason, you may want to consider a few topics before settling on the one that allows you to be more descriptive and entertaining. Another important factor when picking a persuasive speech topic is to choose one that can provoke your audience. If you stir up a little emotion in your audience members, youll keep their attention. The list below is provided to help you brainstorm. Choose a topic from this list or use the list to generate an idea of your own. Studying martial arts is good for mind and health.Competitive sports can teach us about life.Reality shows are exploiting people.Community service should be required for teens.These qualities make a hero.Its important to grow things in a garden.Violent video games are dangerous.Lyrics in a song can impact our lives.Traveling and studying abroad is positive.Journal writing is therapeutic.You should spend time with grandparents.The laptop is better than the tablet.Religion and science can go hand in hand.School uniforms are good.All-girl colleges and all-boy colleges are bad.Multiple choice tests are better than essay tests.We should not spend money on space exploration.Open-book tests are as effective as closed-book tests.Security cameras keep us safer.Parents should have access to students grades.Small classes are better than big classes.You need to start saving for retirement now.Credit cards are harmful to college students.We should have a royal family.We should protect endangered animals.Texting while driving should be illegal.You can write a novel.You can go to your college of choice.State colleges are better than private colleges.Private colleges are better than state colleges.We should do away with penny coins.Fast food containers hurt the environment.Plastic straws hurt the environment.You can eat and enjoy healthy snacks.You can become a millionaire.Dogs are better pets than cats.You should own a bird.Its unethical to keep birds in cages.Liberal arts degrees prepare better workers.Hunting animals should be banned.Football is dangerous.School days should start later.Night school is better than day school.Technical training is better than a college degree.Immigration laws should be more lenient.Students should be able to pick their schools.Everyone should learn to play a musical instrument.Grass lawns should be prohibited.Sharks should be protected.We should do away with cars and go back to horse and carriage for transportation.We should use more wind pow er.We should pay more taxes.We should do away with taxes.Teachers should be tested like students.We should not interfere in the affairs of other countries.Every student should join a club.Homeschooling is better than traditional schooling.People should stay married for life.Smoking in public should be illegal.Students should live on campus.Parents should let students fail.Giving is good.Education makes us happier people.T​he  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹death penalty is good for society.Bigfoot is real.We should increase train travel to save the environment.We should read more classic books.Fame is bad for children.Athletes should stay loyal to teams.We should reform our prisons.Juvenile offenders should not go to boot camps.Abraham Lincoln was the best president.Abraham Lincoln gets too much credit.Students should be allowed to have cell phones in elementary, middle, and high school.College student-athletes should be paid for playing.Elderly citizens on fixed incomes should receive free bus r ides.Colleges and universities should be free to attend.All American citizens should complete one year of community service.Students should be required to take Spanish classes.Every student should be required to learn at least one foreign language.Marijuana should be legal for recreational use nationwide.Commercial testing of products on animals should no longer be allowed.Felons who have served their time in prison should be allowed to vote once they are free.The drinking age should be bumped up past 21.Replacing fossil fuels with cheaper alternative energy options should be mandated.Churches need to contribute their share of taxes.The Cuba embargo should be maintained by the U.S.America should replace income taxes with a nationwide flat tax.The Bowl Championship Series, also known as the BCS, should be replaced with a true college football playoff system.Doctor-assisted suicide should be legal.Spammers—people who bombard the internet with unsolicited email—should be banned from sending their junk mail.Every automobile driver should be required to take a new drivers test every three years.Electroshock treatment is not a humane form of therapy.Global warming is not real.Single-parent adoption should be encouraged and promoted.Gun companies should be held accountable for gun crimes.Human cloning is not moral.Religion does not belong in public education.Juveniles should not be tried as adults.American workers should be guaranteed a three-day weekend by law.

Supply Chain Management Solution for Hindustan Unilever ...

Supply Chain Management Solution for Hindustan Unilever : Case Study Existing Situation With nearly 1000 products, HLL distributes them nationally through a network of four warehouses, more than 40 agents, 7,500 wholesalers and a number of large institutional customers. HLL, in its endeavor to move from the existing push-based planning system to a pull-based system, wanted to build a Supply Chain Management (SCM) solution that would ensure informed decisions are made during procurement, manufacturing, replenishment and distribution. Specifically, the distribution operation was suffering because of a high margin of errors. There were frequent instances of excess finished-goods inventory reaching HLL’s distribution centers. This†¦show more content†¦Our Approach MindTree has a portfolio of process models, management tools, and operational best practices, which can be customized to address any SCM engagement. MindTree has a specific methodology for Adexa. Adexa-certified consultants from MindTree worked closely with HLL’s IT application team and consultants from Adexa in designing a detailed system architecture, system building and model, and system-verification steps. Solution MindTree evaluated the key supply-chain processes for each of HLL’s lines of business. The solution is geared to fulfill supply and demand. It gives precise production plans for all the factories and a replenishment-based distribution plan for all the distribution centers. All entities in the supply chain were modeled on the Adexa iCollaboration suite. The key inputs for building the SCM model were distribution demand for all stock keeping units (SKUs); factory-wise capacities; and linkages between the distribution centers, finished goods warehouses, factories and suppliers. With inputs from HLL’s team, MindTree contributed towards modeling the following requirements with respect to key resource and material constraints: Shop-floor complexities (SKU-specific levels for bill of material,resource and capacity constraints) to arrive at a feasible production plan using discrete and continuous modesShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Marketing Competitive Strategies Adopted by Hindustan Unilever Limited in Rural Area9906 Words   |  40 Pages[pic] Major Research Project On â€Å"An Analysis of Marketing Competitive strategies adopted by Hindustan Unilever Limited in Rural Area† For the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MBA (Full Time) Batch 2010-12 Submitted By: Guided By SUMIT WASNIK Prof. S.P. TRIPATHI MBA (Full Time) 4th SEM. ( IBMR) RollRead MoreUnilever2565 Words   |  11 PagesContents Global Networks and Innovation of Unilever Company 3 1. Introduction 3 2. Internationalization strategy 3 3. Visualization and interpretation of the parent-subsidiary network 4 3.1 Betweenness Centrality 5 3.1 Density of Network 7 3.3 Degree Centrality 8 4. Analysis of the organization’s Network 8 4.1 Locational aspects 8 4.2 Activity aspects 9 4.3 Size aspects 9 5. Implications for the innovation strategy of Unilever 9 5.1 Meeting consumer needs 10 5.2 IntroductionRead MoreIntroduction to Fmcg Industry8866 Words   |  36 Pageselectronic products. White goods in FMCG refer to household electronic items such as Refrigerators, T.Vs, Music Systems, etc. In 2005, the Rs. 48,000-crore FMCG segment was one of the fast growing industries in India. According to the AC Nielsen India study, the industry grew 5.3% in value between 2004 and 2005. http://www.chillibreeze.com/articles_various/fmcg-in-india.asp Creating a strong brand identity, leveraging new product categories and growing the customer base are core concerns for consumerRead MorePG India Supply Chain Analysis11039 Words   |  45 PagesSupply Chain Strategy, Performance and Risks: Tools and Techniques Introduction â€Å"Our Purpose works to unify us in a common cause and growth strategy. It is powerful because it promotes a simple idea to improve the lives of the world’s consumers every day. Pamp;G grows by touching and improving more consumers’ lives in more parts of the world...more completely.† - Pamp;G â€Å"At Pamp;G, we touch lives in small but meaningful ways. Billions of them. Every day.† Procter amp; Gamble Co. is a multinationalRead MoreInternship Report on Unilever14872 Words   |  60 PagesINTERNSHIP REPORT ON Hair Care Survey on Parlors Salons in Dhaka Guided by Ms. Farhana Nur Malik Lecturer BRAC Business School Ms. Ankan Siddiquee Brand Activation Manager Unilever Bangladesh By Kamrun Nahar ID-08104011 BRAC Business School Brac University Date of Submission: 19 December 2011 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 19 December, 2011 Ms. Farhana Nur Malik Lecturer BRAC Business School BRAC University Subject: Submission of internship report Dear Madam, I would like to take this opportunityRead MoreComparative Analysis of Different Brands14052 Words   |  57 Pages Submitted by Mrs. Gitanjali Bhatnagar Vipan Kumar DR. IT Group of Institutes BANUR (PUNJAB) PREFACE Practical exposure imbibes an integral part of management studies. One cannot rely merely upon the theoretical knowledge. However class lectures make the functional concepts clear, but these must be correlated with practical projects. I consider myself lucky to get the project on such a vast subject. ItRead MoreIndia vs Bharat4777 Words   |  20 Pagesthe bottom of the pyramid (BOP) in 1998, no management journal accepted it. Unconvincing, they said. In 2002, Strategy+Business agreed to publish it and that one idea changed the way multinationals thought. Suddenly, everyone was looking at poor people across the world as a lucrative market. Prahalad followed his idea up with the bestselling title The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. The fifth anniversary edition of the book — with a new case study on Jaipur Rugs and CEO comments on the applicationRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility and Its Impact on Society2105 Words   |  9 Pageswhile running their daily operations. The corporate response has often meant an adoption of a new consciousness, and this has been known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) since the 1970s. Key CSR issues include governance, environmental management, stakeholder engagement, labor standards, employee and community relations, social equity, responsible sourcing and human rights. CSR is not only about fulfilling a duty to society; it should also bring competitive advantage. Many CSR initiativesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility and Its Impact on Society2115 Words   |  9 Pageswhile running their daily operations. The corporate response has often meant an adoption of a new consciousness, and this has been known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) since the 1970s. Key CSR issues include governance, environmental management, stakeholder engagement, labor standards, employee and community relations, social equity, responsible sourcing and human rights. CSR is not only about fulfilling a duty to society; it should also bring competitive advantage. Many CSR initiativesRead MoreMarketing and Unilever13266 Words   |  54 Pages(Case Study)Analysis of Comfort Vietnam EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Unilever is a fully multinational corporation with operating companies and factories scattering all around the world, and manufacture foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Unilever owns more than 400 brands but its 13 â€Å"billion-dollar brands† fall mostly into two categories: Food and Beverage, and Home and Personal Care. Unilever started its operation in Vietnam in 1995. Since then, Unilever Vietnam (UVN) has achieved

Dental Nursing Surgical Risk Calculator

Question: Describe about the Dental Nursing for Surgical Risk Calculator. Answer: Introduction: Dental nursing requires a complete knowledge about teeth and various associated parts; disease involved and their care. A vast knowledge about the treatment and medication is required by a professional to handle patient. So the following report contains a broad perspective of dental nursing and its various applications and activities: Organisational and legal requirements: A dental nurse must be well accustomed to the various styles of practices of the dentists and physicians besides maintaining a curriculum of activities. The General Dental Council or GDC of professional dental support a complete documentation about an individual patient including the description of the issues, entire information about the duration of his treatment, health care record and medications provided. The nurses should also maintain the record of the continuous revival of the patient, evaluate his problem and maintain the quality of the care that should be provided. A detailed documental record should be maintained. A professional needs to entirely follow NHS policies for safe nursing. The information about the patients is very confidential and should be strictly maintained under Data Protection Act. Nurses should maintain such confidentiality and should only discuss the issues only when the duty demands so or as required due to relevant law or legislation (Pierce 2014). Importance of informed consent: The patient should be completely informed about the pros and cons of the treatment to be followed and should be given entire privilege to decide for himself. It is only after the patient's consent that the treatment or test would be conducted ( Bilimoria et al. 2013). There is a legal angle behind this. Under certain conditions, the patient might complain of being misled. This might simply arise from a miscommunication between either of the stakeholders. Under such case, the patient might file complaints indicating that the entire situation arose because of treachery from the nurses side which may charge the nurse for physical assault and would be punishable. So detailed discussion should be conducted, and everything should be clarified before the patient gives consent. Hence obtaining consent after a detailed discussion is necessary. Policy and procedure of handling complaint: A nurse who is handling the complaint section must try to resolve the problem of the patient at the hospital level only and should not try to linger it too long. This would result in the patient to seek for bigger governing bodies like Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman, Citizens Advice Bureau, etc. that would demean the image of hospitals. The policy of the complaint should be followed thoroughly and discussed with the patient. The complaints should be managed according to national frameworks, and the discussion should be clear and less defensive (Young 2016). The entire process should be easy, well publicized and transparent. It should have a rapid but easy procedure and should be followed by the authority for their betterment. Methods of oral health assessment: A Mouth mirror is the most common instrument that is used by dental professional to assess the inside view of the mouth. It might be flat, concave or round shaped with or without the light that helps to visualize those parts, which are difficult to view. Besides, it also helps to retract the tongue or the cheek muscles to complete a complex surgery or any other procedures. Dental explorers are probes, which are used by professionals to view over the surface of teeth for considering any decays there or behind previous fillings or other restorative works. Probes are also used during surgery of root canal and help in viewing any cracks on the ceiling of the pulp portion. Periodontal probes help in measuring the distance between teeth and gums. Fiber optic illuminations are extensively used because professionals find it easier to find more enamel as well as dentinal lesions. It can be used in other caries diagnosis as well. Radiographic Assessment like the use of Orthopantogram is a kind of X-ray that helps in scanning the jaws. They observe anatomical structures such as bony structures, air shadows, soft tissue parts as well as the walls and floor of maxillary antrum. Maxilla and temporal bones are also observed for any abnormality. Various study models help in assessing the oral health of a population when dental examination becomes expensive, unworkable and time-consuming. It involves a step by step approach that involves large scale consensus building a program for dental professionals and practitioners. It involves identification of stakeholders, planning a program with self-assessment, collecting primary and secondary data and evaluating the assessment after collection of the data. Types of chart used in oral health assessment: BPE is Basic Periodontal Examination which is a tool that is not used directly in diagnosing but is required to determine the level of importance required. A casual guidance can then be provided. Full periodontal charting ponders over the overall dental health and gives guidelines to maintain a natural set of teeth. It involves the location of gingival margin as well as furcating or mobility (WHO 2013). The other parameter includes clinical attachment loss or CAL. It then recommends care based on this diagnosis. FDI or Federation Dentaire International charting is an internationally accepted charting that gives information about the position of a particular tooth. Here the chart gives the view of a dentist where the dentists left points the patients right. Importance of taking dental images Radiographs: Dental X-rays become important because visual examination may not provide the professionals with the root of origin of the problems. If after the tests, one does not find any cavities or growth issues then the individual may be sure of the situation (Corea et al. 2014). Photographs: Dental photographs have various uses which include the abnormalities of the mouth cavity that helps the physician with the treatment. It also helps in teaching the students as well as the patients of the various complications, forming case studies and making documentations on them. Materials used in oral health assessment: Alginate is an elastic and hydrocolloid material, which is irreversible and provides an impression. They are of immense use in dental care because they form sports mouth guard, indirect restorations, various models in orthodontics and bleaching trays. Silicone has more or less similar function and activity like alginate. This material used in dental impressions is costlier than the previous (Joiner et al. 2014). The elastomer is also a synthetic compound used extensively in providing impressions for dental treatment. It includes polysulphide and polyether. Methods of measuring pulp vitality, its advantage and disadvantage: The pulp vitality testing helps in diagnosing the condition of the dental pulp after a critical surgery. The two old method even used extensively is the thermal method and electric pulp testing. These tests depend on the innervations levels. So it does not provide a correct result. Nowadays researchers are working on them extensively. To determine the condition of pulpal circulation, these tests are conducted (Katatoka et al. 2016) Modern technologies like oximetries are developed to give a better insight of the pulpal depths that would help further in the pulp vitality testing. Morphology and anatomy of structure of primary and second dentition: Primary dentition: The crowns are short, constricted with thin enamel and dentine. The roots are narrow, longer and more slender. The pulps are relatively longer. The mandibular incisors are central and flat. Maxillary incisor is the only tooth that has a greater width in comparison. Maxillary first molar is unique. Secondary maxillary molar is similar to permanent counterpart but smaller (Brand et al. 2013). Mandibular first molar has four cusps. Mandibular second molar resembles the permanent counterpart. Canines are long and sharp. Secondary Dentition: The secondary dentition consists of about 32 teeth with four incisors, two canines, two premolars and three molars in each jaw. Usually the last molars of each jaw are normally not present and may eject later in age giving a painful feeling. It consists of a normal crown, root, and pulp structure with the supporting tissues and muscles. Structure and function of periodontium: The periodontium is a special set of tissues, which are mainly responsible for holding the teeth in its position in the mandibular and the maxillary zones. It has four important parts such as the gum (gingiva), cementum (covering of tooth), alveolar bone and periodontal ligament (Goncalves et al. 2015). Each of them has a distinct location, structure, and function that help them to adapt to the surrounding for a lifetime. Gum is mainly responsible for holding the teeth in its place firmly. It is strongly attached to the underlying bone and prevents any shock to deeper tissues. Cementum is a calcified material that covers the root and binds the teeth with the alveolar bone with the help of periodontal ligament. The alveolar bone consists of the sockets where the teeth remain attached. The periodontal ligament is the connecting medium between the cementum and the alveolar bone. Location and function of salivary gland and muscles of mastication: Salivary gland: The largest salivary gland called the parotid gland is situated anterior to the temporal bone and posterior to the mandible. They are responsible for secretion of saliva and production of salivary amylase that helps breaking down of starch (Raz et al. 2013). The other pair is the submandibular glands, which is present below the lower jaws and helps in producing the maximum amount of saliva. The pair of sublingual glands are present beneath the tongue and produces saliva. Muscles of mastication: Primary muscles include masseter, temporal, lateral Pterygoid and medial Pterygoid. Accessory muscles include digastrics, stylohyoid and mylohyoid and geniohyoid. Infrahyoid muscles involve sternohyoid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid. All of them help in mastication processes by their movement. Structure of maxilla and mandible: Maxilla: The upper jaw bone is called the maxilla.it is made up of two maxillary bone joined at the intermaxillary suture. It includes the palate of the mouth. Mandible: Mandible is the lower jaw, which is immovable (Lindhe et al. 2013). The bone is formed at the mandibular symphysis, which is a ridge present more or less in the midline of the anterior part. Movement of the temporomandibular joint: The temporomandibular joint contains three surface articulation the head of the mandible, the articular tubercle, and mandibular fossa. They remain separated by articular disc. Fibrocartilage covers the articular disk. The extracapsular ligaments help in the stabilisation of the joints (Reddy et al. 2014). The lateral pterygoid muscle guides protrusion. Geniohyoid and digastrics muscles maintain retraction. The lower part helps in opening and closing the mouth permitted by elevation and depression. Nerve and blood supply to teeth: The maxillary artery arises from the carotid artery and supplies blood to the maxilla and mandibular teeth. The teeth, bone, and periodontium receives sensory innervations from both the left and right trigeminal nerves. Medical conditions affecting oral tissues: Oral cancer occurs mainly occurs above age 40 mainly in mouth, salivary gland, tonsils or back of the throat. People suffering from diabetes might have periodontal disease, gum inflammation, oral candidiasis because of high level of glucose in blood. HIV results in cavities or dry mouth. STD causes sores inside mouth. Anorexia results in osteoporosis resulting in weakening of jaw bones (Neville et al. 2015). Bulimia results in stomach acids that erode tooth enamel, tooth erosion, and sensitivity. Besides hepatitis, leukoplakia, mental illness, xerostomia may lead to various abnormalities in tooth condition. Effects of aging on oral tissues: Periodontitis is present by 70% in people above 60 to 70 years. Factors involve unhealthy social, behavioral, economic practices. Loss of periodontal assessment along with biomolecular changes in the associated cells mainly results from aging. Alteration of endocrine secretion and differentiation of osteoblasts or osteoclasts are the main reasons. Medical conditions guiding treatment planning: A toothache and swelling and pus around teeth require quick attendance. Stained teeth require whitening Where the doctor uses whitening agent and a special light. It might also be bleached. Cavities in teeth need sealing by professionals. In case of chipped teeth, the nurse will bind a strong resin kind of substance to teeth and if pulp is affected root canal is done by dentists. Cracks in teeth may be treated with sealing, a root canal or may be pulled out depending upon the extent of the crack. Commonness of oral diseases: Prevention: Brushing twice a day after meal and regularly visiting dentists is the primary step towards prevention. One should floss daily and change the toothbrush after every three months. Fluoride treatments are of immense help. One should lead a healthy lifestyle to avoid problems (Bourgeois et al. 2015). Various disease is having side effects on teeth should be treated immediately. Diagnosis of oral disease; Professionals should immediately diagnose any abnormality in the teeth, gum or any parts of the mouth before the conditions worsen and surgery is required. Various diseases have different treatment that is discussed by doctors after thorough examinations (Regezi et al. 2013). These might include root canal, /bleaching, Scaling or uprooting the tooth or simple medication. Management of oral disease: Oral diseases may be controlled and managed by proper diagnosis and treatment. Instructions of professional, if followed properly will protect the teeth from further damage and better condition can be sustained. Main classes of drugs and uses: Analgesics: Ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, corticosteroids, codeine and hydrocodone helps in relieving pain and redness from mouth. Fever can be treated as well. Anesthetics: 2% lidocaine hydrochloride and 2% mepivacaine are examples of anesthetics that can be used to reduce pain from pain-sensing nerves and help during surgery. Antibiotics: Penicillin and amoxicillin are used for different infections. Clindamycin helps in treatment of harmful bacteria in serious cases (Kozma et al. 2016) Antifungal, antiseptics and benzodiazepines are used in this field as well. Storing of drugs in dental setting: Dental medicines should be differentiated and stocked separately into solid preparation and liquid preparation. This reduces the risk of choosing the wrong ones (Lden et al. 2013). Stock control and order should be verified. Oral medicines which follow non oral route administration must be kept separately. Function of respiratory and circulatory system: Respiratory system helps in production of energy by the breakdown of glucose in the cells after carrying oxygen to the cells through complex biological reactions. Circulatory system: The blood circulatory system and the lymphatic system mainly helps in circulation. Blood carries deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body to heart and oxygenated blood from heart to different parts of body (Kolettas et al. 2014). Changes leading to medical emergency: Shortness of breath requires a quick medical emergency. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bronchitis, and Emphysema require treatment. Myocardial infarction, cardiac necrosis, chest discomfort and pain requires immediate attention and treatment Pulmonary Embolism is also dangerous. Signs and Symptoms of medical emergencies: Difficulty in breathing, speaking, feeling of weakness, dizziness and fainting, chest or upper abdominal pain, shortness of breath and asthma, severe pain, uncontrollable bleeding, vomiting and diarrhea all result in immediate medical emergencies. Response to medical emergency: Professionals in case of handling medical emergency follow a three steps procedure. It includes prevention, preparation, and action. The professional should have a quick glimpse of the history of the patient with immediate observation with the exact symptoms he is facing (Visser et al. 2014). After the thorough analysis if one can handle the situation alone, then he must immediately plan up the process of treatment and start immediate medical treatment. Otherwise, he should consult with colleagues and take necessary steps. Conclusion: The above report gives an entire overview of the anatomy of teeth and associated parts, the diseases concerned and their various ways of treatment and medication. This would entirely help a professional to have a detailed idea about his procedure and activities that he has to fulfill his duty to be a successful professional. References: Bilimoria, K.Y., Liu, Y., Paruch, J.L., Zhou, L., Kmiecik, T.E., Ko, C.Y. and Cohen, M.E., 2013. Development and evaluation of the universal ACS NSQIP surgical risk calculator: a decision aid and informed consent tool for patients and surgeons.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,217(5), pp.833-842. Bourgeois, D.M., Phantumvanit, P., Llodra, J.C., Horn, V., Carlile, M. and Eisel, J.L., 2014. Rationale for the prevention of oral diseases in primary health care: an international collaborative study in oral health education.International dental journal,64(s2), pp.1-11. Brand, R.W., Isselhard, D.E. and Satin, E., 2013.Anatomy of orofacial structures: a comprehensive approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Correa, L.R., Spinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Neto, R., Stavropoulos, A., Schropp, L., da Silveira, H.E.D. and Wenzel, A., 2014. Planning of dental implant size with digital panoramic radiographs, CBCTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ generated panoramic images, and CBCT crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sectional images.Clinical oral implants research,25(6), pp.690-695. Gonalves, P.F., Sallum, E.A., Sallum, A.W., Casati, M.Z., Toledo, S. and Junior, F.H.N., 2015. Dental cementum reviewed: development, structure, composition, regeneration and potential functions.Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences,4(12), pp.651-658. Joiner, A., Parker, A.P. and Philpotts, C.J., Conopco Inc., 2015.Oral care compositions comprising pearlescent pigments. U.S. Patent 9,050,250. Kataoka, S.H.H., Setzer, F.C., Gondim-Junior, E., Fregnani, E.R., Moraes, C.J.P., Pessoa, O.F., Gavini, G. and Caldeira, C.L., 2016. Late Effects of Head and Neck Radiotherapy on Pulp Vitality Assessed by Pulse Oximetry.Journal of endodontics,42(6), pp.886-889. Kolettas, A., Grosomanidis, V., Kolettas, V., Zarogoulidis, P., Tsakiridis, K., Katsikogiannis, N., Tsiouda, T., Kiougioumtzi, I., Machairiotis, N., Drylis, G. and Kesisis, G., 2014. Influence of apnoeic oxygenation in respiratory and circulatory system under general anaesthesia.Journal of thoracic disease,6(1), pp.S116-S145. Kozma, C., Munschauer, F. and Phillips, A., 2016. Real-World Assessment of Relapse Rates in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Newly Initiating Subcutaneous Interferon -1a vs Oral Disease-Modifying Drugs (P6. 178).Neurology,86(16 Supplement), pp.P6-178. Lindhe, J., Bressan, E., Cecchinato, D., Corr, E., Toia, M. and Liljenberg, B., 2013. Bone tissue in different parts of the edentulous maxilla and mandible.Clinical oral implants research,24(4), pp.372-377. Lden, C.P., Eng Eibak, L.E., Rasmussen, K.E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, S., Andersen, T. and Gjelstad, A., 2013. Storage of oral fluid as dried spots on alginate and chitosan foam-a new concept for oral fluid collection.Bioanalysis,5(3), pp.317-325. Neville, B.W., Damm, D.D., Chi, A.C. and Allen, C.M., 2015.Oral and maxillofacial pathology. Elsevier Health Sciences. Pierce, R., 2014. Statutory Solutions for a Common Law Defect: Advancing the Nurse Practitioner-Patient Privilege, 47 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1077 (2014).The John Marshall Law Review,47(3), p.9. Raz, E., Saba, L., Hagiwara, M., de Cruz, L.H., Som, P.M. and Fatterpekar, G.M., 2013. Parotid Gland Atrophy in Patients with Chronic Trigeminal Nerve Denervation.American Journal of Neuroradiology,34(4), pp.860-863. Regezi, J.A., Sciubba, J.J. and Jordan, R.C., 2016.Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations. Elsevier Health Sciences. Visser, P., Dwyer, A., Moran, J., Britton, M., Heland, M., Ciavarella, F., Schutte, S. and Jones, D., 2014. Medical emergency response in a sub-acute hospital: improving the model of care for deteriorating patients.Australian Health Review,38(2), pp.169-176. World Health Organization, 2013.Oral health surveys: basic methods. World Health Organization. Young, M.R., 2016. How to turn complaints into compliments.BDJ Team,3, p.16051.